10 Surprising Effects Of Long-Term Unemployment

10 Surprising Effects Of Long-Term Unemployment

The Coming Depression

The economic downturn has left few families unscathed and, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 43% of those out of work are facing unemployment lasting 6 months or more. Whether it’s lack of appropriate college education, not enough jobs in the area, or even illegal discriminatory factors like age playing a role, these individuals simply can’t find work, even after months of searching. While the financial realities of spending months, or even years, without a job can be a big enough hurdle, there are also some serious health, career, and social ramifications of long-term unemployment. Read on to learn how long-term unemployment could have unexpected side effects, some of which may last well into the next decade and beyond.

1. Lower salaries for a lifetime

Being out of work doesn’t just mean lost wages for those months of unemployment. For many, it may also mean a major career setback that lowers income rates and success for many years to come. Those who are laid off or fired often get back into the workforce at a much lower salary, and many are forced to take jobs that are below their skill and experience levels or not in their field of study at all, which can be a major career setback. On average, an unemployment spell will reduce wages about 3.4%, though in some cases it can be much more. For young people who can’t find work after graduation, the lack of available jobs can set the stage for a lifetime of lost earnings. How much? Studies have shown that those graduating into a bad job market will make about $100,000 less over a lifetime, and that doesn’t count the months of unemployment or underemployment that many will face.

2. Shorter life expectancies

One of the most serious side effects of long-term unemployment is the impact it has on life expectancy. While not every individual will deal with unemployment in the same manner, studies have shown that the lack of health insurance and preventative care, stress, and depression associated with unemployment tend to take a big toll on the overall health of just about everyone, regardless of age or disposition. A look at life expectancy rates for those who lived through past economic downturns can be especially telling in this regard. In one study, a group of economists looked at men who had been laid off in the 1970s and 1980s, tracking their health over several decades. The results were staggering. Regardless of age, unemployment was found to increase mortality rates both in the short term and the long term, with those who faced long-term unemployment dying an average of a year and a half sooner than those who had never lost a job. The effects were even more pronounced on those who faced unemployment at a younger age, with these individuals having even shorter life spans and more health problems.
3. Changes in mental health

It shouldn’t come as a surprise that long-term unemployment can cause a variety of mental health issues. It’s an extremely stressful situation, and one that often leads to depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. While the majority of the mental health issues associated with unemployment will be alleviated by finding a new job, some of these issues may make it difficult to find work, as individuals may not be functioning well enough to look for a job. Additionally, the stress of long-term unemployment has been linked to the emergence of previously latent mental health issues, like obsessive compulsive disorder or chronic depression. Those who face long-term unemployment in their younger years, especially their early 20s, are at a much higher risk of developing substance abuse problems and depression by middle age. Even if these individuals eventually find a job, their risk factors for these and other mental health concerns remain much higher than that of their peers who didn’t face unemployment.

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